廢水處理設(shè)備主要是用于各類生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的廢水處理，像在一些涉及清洗環(huán)節(jié)的生產(chǎn)中，對相關(guān)物料清洗時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生含有懸浮顆粒污染物的污水，這類污水中溶解性物質(zhì)較少，且清洗過程往往需要耗用大量清水，產(chǎn)生的污水有以下幾點(diǎn)特征：

　　Wastewater treatment equipment is mainly used for the treatment of wastewater generated in various production processes. For example, in some production processes involving cleaning, wastewater containing suspended particulate pollutants is generated during the cleaning of related materials. This type of wastewater has less dissolved substances and often requires a large amount of clean water during the cleaning process. The generated wastewater has the following characteristics:

　　有機(jī)物污染：部分生產(chǎn)原料或產(chǎn)品可能接觸或包裝過糧食、飼料、飲料等，從而使廢水中帶入有機(jī)物。

　　Organic pollution: Some production materials or products may come into contact with or be packaged in food, feed, beverages, etc., which can introduce organic matter into wastewater.

　　PH 值污染：在一些物料的粉碎清洗過程中，可能會(huì)加入堿性物質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致廢水的 PH 值出現(xiàn)異常。

　　PH pollution: During the crushing and cleaning process of some materials, alkaline substances may be added, causing abnormal pH values in the wastewater.

　　懸浮物污染：部分生產(chǎn)中涉及的農(nóng)地膜、棚膜等物料，可能接觸或攜帶化纖土粉塵、顆粒等，使得廢水中含有懸浮物。

　　Suspended solids pollution: Some agricultural film, greenhouse film and other materials involved in production may come into contact with or carry chemical fiber soil dust, particles, etc., resulting in suspended solids in wastewater.

　　油脂污染：一些用于包裝油脂類物質(zhì)的容器或物料，在處理過程中會(huì)使廢水中混入油脂類物質(zhì)。

　　Oil pollution: Some containers or materials used for packaging oil substances may mix oil substances into wastewater during the treatment process.

　　針對清洗、破碎工序產(chǎn)生的廢水，往往對水中懸浮物含量有較高的處理要求。可以采用混凝處理工藝去除污水中的大部分懸浮物，再把處理后的污水回用到生產(chǎn)工序中去，達(dá)到減少污水排放量的目的。外排的污水可與生活污水混合以提高其可生化性，再經(jīng)生物處理后排放。

　　For wastewater generated from cleaning and crushing processes, there are often high treatment requirements for suspended solids content in the water. The coagulation treatment process can be used to remove most of the suspended solids in the sewage, and then the treated sewage can be reused in the production process to reduce the amount of sewage discharge. The discharged sewage can be mixed with domestic sewage to improve its biodegradability, and then discharged after biological treatment.

　　處理這類廢水可采用加藥沉淀 —— 氣浮 —— 帶式壓濾機(jī)成套污水處理工藝（簡單回用可選氣?。?。

　　The treatment of this type of wastewater can be achieved through a complete set of wastewater treatment processes, including chemical precipitation, air flotation, and belt filter press (air flotation is optional for simple reuse).

　　部分生產(chǎn)中涉及的原料在回收利用過程中，采用高溫堿洗工藝，其堿洗用水約 500 立方米 / 天，由于該堿洗水長期循環(huán)使用，造成有機(jī)物濃度大量累積，雖有 80% 水量可生產(chǎn)回用，但仍有部分高濃度堿洗污水外排。為了解該污水水質(zhì)特性，以確定合理適用的處理工藝，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下對取樣污水進(jìn)行了化學(xué)分析、可生化性試驗(yàn)和水樣加藥物化處理后小試樣測定。工藝選擇主要考慮堿洗水在生產(chǎn)工藝上的循環(huán)使用，因此確定了污水總體物化處理后回用，部分再經(jīng)生化處理排放的設(shè)計(jì)思路，這樣既可節(jié)省工程的總投資，又可減輕生化系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷。定期排放的堿煮原液則通過加酸中和后，直接經(jīng)污泥干化系統(tǒng)處理。

　　During the recycling process of some raw materials involved in production, high-temperature alkali washing technology is used, with an alkali washing water consumption of about 500 cubic meters per day. Due to the long-term recycling of this alkali washing water, a large amount of organic matter concentration accumulates. Although 80% of the water can be produced and reused, there are still some high concentration alkali washing wastewater discharged. In order to understand the water quality characteristics of the sewage and determine a reasonable and applicable treatment process, chemical analysis, biodegradability tests, and small sample measurements of the sampled sewage were conducted under laboratory conditions after drug treatment of the water sample. The process selection mainly considers the recycling of alkaline washing water in the production process. Therefore, the design concept of overall physical and chemical treatment of wastewater for reuse and partial discharge through biochemical treatment has been determined. This can save the total investment of the project and reduce the load on the biochemical system. The regularly discharged alkaline boiling solution is neutralized by adding acid and directly treated by the sludge drying system.

　　水質(zhì)分析結(jié)果表明，堿洗污水成分復(fù)雜、濃度高（累積因素），屬難降解有機(jī)物，即使經(jīng)過物化處理，可生化性仍舊很低。在單純的長停留時(shí)間好氧處理?xiàng)l件下，其分子結(jié)構(gòu)很難被破壞，生物降解半衰期很長，如應(yīng)用于工程，則投資較大，不經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　The water quality analysis results show that the alkaline washing wastewater has complex components and high concentrations (cumulative factors), and is a difficult to degrade organic compound. Even after physical and chemical treatment, its biodegradability is still very low. Under simple long-term aerobic treatment conditions, its molecular structure is difficult to be destroyed, and its biodegradation half-life is long. If applied to engineering, the investment is large and uneconomical.

　　難降解有機(jī)物是指微生物不能降解，或在任何環(huán)境條件下不能以足夠快的速度降解以阻止它在環(huán)境中積累。有機(jī)物不能降解的原因有多種，但大致可分為兩大類：對微生物有毒害作用；化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定。針對這類堿洗污水成分復(fù)雜的特點(diǎn)，利用物化手段進(jìn)行預(yù)處理以改變生物難降解有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)，消除或減弱它們的毒性，增加可生化性；同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)生物降解路線并開發(fā)出適于能降解而又耐毒的微生物，改進(jìn)生化處理流程與設(shè)備，這是這類堿洗污水處理成功的關(guān)鍵。用培養(yǎng)、改性、調(diào)節(jié)、變異和接種等手段培制能分解難生物降解有機(jī)物的微生物細(xì)菌是改進(jìn)當(dāng)前活性污泥工藝重要途徑之一，經(jīng)過馴化的活性污泥可以抗拒高濃度污染物的抑制作用。

　　Difficult to degrade organic matter refers to microorganisms that cannot degrade it or cannot degrade it quickly enough under any environmental conditions to prevent its accumulation in the environment. There are various reasons why organic matter cannot be degraded, but they can be roughly divided into two categories: toxic to microorganisms; The chemical structure is stable. In response to the complex composition of alkaline wastewater, physical and chemical methods are used for pretreatment to alter the structure of recalcitrant organic compounds, eliminate or reduce their toxicity, and increase their biodegradability; Simultaneously designing a biodegradation pathway and developing microorganisms suitable for degradation and toxicity resistance, improving the biochemical treatment process and equipment, are the key to the successful treatment of such alkaline wastewater. One of the important ways to improve the current activated sludge process is to cultivate microbial bacteria that can decompose difficult to biodegrade organic matter through cultivation, modification, regulation, mutation, and inoculation. The domesticated activated sludge can resist the inhibitory effect of high concentration pollutants.

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